On German Culture - German Universities (Part 1) 3248

German universities have no formal ranking on the level, and there is no key university and ordinary university, each university is a university with a high gold content, has its own characteristics, and has its own strengths in professional Settings。Therefore, in a strict sense, can not be "good" or "bad" to distinguish, but German universities have a history of length and size。The oldest university is Unmiversitaet Heidelberg (University of Heidelberg)，Founded in 1386;The largest universities are the University of Munich (Unmiversitaet Muenchen), the Free University of Berlin (Freie Universitaet Berlin) and the University of Cologne (Universitaet Koeln)，Generally, those with a longer history and larger scale are mostly "famous universities".。

 

Here are the universities in Germany:

Germany has more than 300 institutions of higher learning，It's in 16 states，Among them, there are 117 comprehensive universities Uni (Universitaet)，There are 158 universities of Applied Science and Technology (Fachhochschule)，Art (Kunsthochschule，There are 59 Kunstakademie and Musikhochschule。The total number of registered students is about 1.9 million, including nearly 140,000 foreign students。Focus on computer, electronics, industrial enterprise management, law, etc. :

1. Comprehensive University (Uni)
This is a higher education institution with many disciplines, complete specialties, and special emphasis on systematic theoretical knowledge, teaching and research。These universities have engineering (Ingenieurwissenschaft), science (Naturwissenschaft), liberal arts (Geisteswissenschaft), law (Rechtswissenschaft) and economics (Wirtschaftswiss)enschaft (enschaft), sociology (Sozialwissenschaft), theology (Theologie), medicine (Medizin), agronomy (Agrarwissenschaft) and forestry (Forstwissenschaft)。
It includes: Technische Universitaet，TU), the Normal University (Paedagogische Universitaet/Hochschule)，PU/PH)，The Gesamthochschule，GH) as well as sports University, Administration and Defense University, etc。The general university was established in the early 1970s. It integrates traditional comprehensive universities, normal universities, applied technology universities and art colleges, and has multi-disciplinary and multi-level majors and courses to train scientific research talents。

2. University of Applied Technology (FH)

Compared with comprehensive universities, most of these universities have a short history and small scale, generally facing only a few professional fields, but their characteristics are extremely prominent。There are engineering, technology, agriculture and forestry, economics, finance, business administration, design, nursing and other majors, and in principle, there are no liberal arts majors in the general sense。Its curriculum and content in addition to the necessary basic theory, more emphasis on applied disciplines, professional classification is more detailed, teaching arrangements are compact, short academic duration。Its mission is to train engineers and engineering application talents for industry。

FH in Germany is different from the three-year "junior college" (junior college) in China, and it is also different from the two-year or two-year "junior college class" set up in Chinese higher education schools.。The two are different in terms of entry requirements, curriculum and content, as well as the degree achieved at graduation (the degree awarded by Chinese college graduates)。The master's program of FH in Germany is generally 2 years, and its graduation diploma is completely equivalent to the master's diploma in China。

School of Art and School of Music
These include the Theaterhochschule and the Filmhochschule, among others。Such universities practice small classes or individual teaching in order to cultivate and develop students' personality and artistic talents。

The above three types of universities are equivalent institutions of higher learning, and graduates who pass the graduation examination and thesis defense can obtain a "master" or corresponding degree, and have the equivalent certificate and professional qualification recognized by the state。In recent years, new "international courses" have been created in some of the first two types of universities, which lead to "Bachelor", "Master" (Diplom/Magister) and "Doctor" (Doktor) degrees according to the length of study。Any major desired by the applicant can be found in the above universities (one or more), the common majors are computer, information, economics, mechanics, management, architecture, law, psychology, environment, agriculture, art, literature, medicine, biology, etc。

Go to a university or a university of applied science？Every year, hundreds of new students ask themselves this question。Domestic students tend to prefer comprehensive universities when choosing German universities, one of the important reasons is because they are more influenced by domestic university levels as mentioned before。

 

The biggest difference between comprehensive universities and applied technology universities is that comprehensive universities provide more theoretical knowledge and more free space, which is suitable for students who want to engage in research work in the future;The teaching content of the University of Applied technology is closer to reality, and enterprises tend to pay more attention to practical applications in employment。It is also important to note that FH cannot pursue a doctoral degree。Statistics show that 3.9% of college graduates are unemployed, compared with only 2%.6% of FH graduates are unemployed after graduation。In terms of the employment rate of engineering, the employment rate of FH has been ahead of that of Uni。Therefore, more and more students in Germany are more willing to choose applied technology universities, because after recruiting comprehensive university graduates, enterprises have to train them to think and solve problems according to the actual situation, which is sometimes unable or unwilling to do small and medium-sized enterprises。In the first year of employment, comprehensive college graduates tend to earn more than FH graduates, but after that, promotion opportunities and earnings are entirely dependent on individual ability。It is no longer uncommon for FH graduates to make it to the top of the corporate hierarchy, such as the president of Mercedes-Benz Schremp。So when you're faced with "on UNI or FH？When it comes to this question, it is your future career goals that play a decisive role。

In addition to the above three categories of institutions divided according to the nature of their tasks, German universities also have a small number of private universities, mainly offering courses in law, economic management (such as MBA), and social sciences。Private colleges and universities often strive to maintain close ties with the economic community, and students will benefit greatly when they graduate。But all this comes at a price: in addition to having to pass the same selection test, you also have to pay 1.Tuition fees of around 50,000 to 20,000 euros。Currently Germany has nearly 2.5% of university students are enrolled in private universities。